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ILLUSTRATED 



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FIFTY CENTS 



Brief History 



Of ihc Conflict Bciwccn 



The United States 
AND Spain 

1898 

With a Few Fine Engravings 

Bv 

James Stanley Moffatt 

Arc Twelve Years 






WEST PALM BEACH, FLORIDA 



^ 



1899 

Hill Printing Co 

eustis. fla 



26816 



Copy rigii ted 1898 

'>.v 

J.AMEs Staa-i.ey Moffatt. 



El 15 










J A M }-;S ST AM. I-; V M ( » 1" I" A TT . 



PREFACE. 

At the outbreak of the Spanish-American 
War I thought of gathering all the facts relative 
to the conflict. Having recorded each incident 
as soon as it was confirmed, I am able to present 
to the public comparativel}- accurate, thov:gh 
brief, accounts of all the engagements and im- 
portant movements of the war. 

As I am only twelve ^-ears of age and this is 
my first attempt to write a book of any kind, no 
one need expect lengthy comments or flowery 
language in this little book. But those who 
wish a plain, convenient record of all the events 
of the war will find herein satisfactory work. 

I trust that my simple efforts will be appre- 
ciated by all who read these pages. 

James Stanley Moffatt. 

West Palm Beach, Fla., Jan. 2, 1899. 



The Spanish^American War. 



X lacniTiU'.x iirxDRiii) and xixk- 

tN-fiVL llic Cubans rebelled against vSpain, 
their mother country, and formed a Gov- 
ernment of their own, which they called a 
RcpubHc, electing Salvador Cisneros President 
and Hartolome Masso Vice-President. 

Spain tried to ]Hit down the rel^ellion and 
sent, in all, bLtwcen Uvd and lliree liundred 
thousand soldiers to the island, and ever since the 
Spanish soldiers have been carrying on a mo.st 
cruel warfare, murdering men, women and chil- 
dren, which was contrary to the modern rules of 
warfare between civilized nations and a violation 
of international law. This caused all civili/ed 
nations to sympathize with Cuba's oppressed peo- 
ple, though none of them recognized her Govern- 
niL-nt. 

The Spani.sh Goxernnieul in Spain became 
careless and let her officials in Cnl)a do as they 
pleased. They killed and imprisoned a innnber, 
of American citizens. This made the peo])le of 
the United vStates ver\- angr>- with Si)ain, and the 
GovernmL-nl sunt tlic- ballk-sliip Maine to Ha- 



•■/ HiKliirii (if till 



vana, the capital of Cuba, to protect her citizens 

and '^General I^ee, who was Consul-General there. 

As was customary, (Mie of the harbor pilot 

boats piloted the Maine into the harbor and left 




MARIA CHRISTINA. 

her at a Government buoy. A. few days later .she 
was moved from her safe anchorage to another 



-General Lee, who was a ( 'unl'cilrrate soldier in tlie Civil 
War, wa.s at this time I'niled statrs ( 'onsul-< iiMirral at Havana. 
He showed ureal bravery wliik- anions the riuci Sjianiards, for 
which the <iovernnirnt sjave him the rank ol' .M;i,ior-(4(_"nrral in 
the army and put him in command of the Heventh Army Corps, 
where he showed great ability in keeping his men and camps in 
order. Recently he was appointed Governor of Havana Pro- 
vince, Cuba. 




MAJOR (•,i-:m:k.\i. i-nv.ini.ii i.ick. 



8 Brief Hislnrii of the 

buoy. At 9:30 o'clock p. m. every one was 
startled by hearing a terrific explosion, which al- 
most lifted the ship out of the water and tearing it 
to pieces, with the loss of 266 of our sailors, be- 
sides the loss of the ship, which is over $3,000,000. 
It was afterwards found to have been the explo- 
sion of a Government submarine mine, which was 
there to protect the harbor against a hostile ship 
in caseof war, which was touched off by some 
Spaniard. The Spanish Government was respon- 
sible for the Maine disaster, and the United States 
Government demanded an indemnity, but Spain 
refused to gr.mt it. This, ot course, brought 
on a war between the two nations. 

Hostilities were begun on the 21st of April 
b}' the United States gunboat Nashville captur- 
ing a Spanish merchantman off Key West, Fla. 
The prize was worth 510,000, but had to be re- 
turned to her owners, as a Declaration of War 
had not been made then. 

War was formally declared on the 25th be- 
tween the United States and Spain. 

The first movement of the war was the block- 
ade of Havana, Matanzas, Cardenas and several 
other Cuban seaports by the United States' North 
Atlantic Squadron. 

Havana had .some formidable defenses, .such 
as the big forts of Morro Castle and Cabanas. 
In addition it was well protected by submarine 
mines. 



.SV'"///a7(-.I(/(«/('v/,i M'o;- 

BOMBARDMENT OF MATANZAS. 

(>n iIk' jytli of A])!"!! the t'orls at Malauzas 
fired (111 iIk- l)li)i-ka<liii.>; xiuadrou, and lliix-e of 
llic \varslii])s, the inonilor rurilaii, tlu- cruiser 
New York and the i;unl)(iat Cineinnali, returned 
the fire. A lialf-hour battle ensued. The Amer- 
ican gunner.s made good shots and the forts were 
soon demoHshed and .some of the guns dis 
mounted. The Spanish guiniers were poor shots 
and none of the American ships were hit. 

BATTLE OF MANILA BAY. 

The first great na\-al battle of the war was 
fought in Manila Baw Luzon, one of the I'hilip- 
])ine I>lands. 

The American fleet of three cruisers, the 
Olympia, the ffag.ship, Baltimore and the Raleigh, 
two gunboats, the P)Osl()n and the I'etrel, and one 
dispatch boat, the McCullough, under the com- 
mand of Connnodore ( now Rear-Admiral) George 
Dewey of \'ermont, left Hong Kong, China, the 
Asiatic vStation, to capture or destroy the .Sj^anish 
fleet spujiosed to be at Manila. It arri\ed at Ma- 
nila Bay on the night of \\)v\] ;v )th. The tleet en- 
tered the harbor that night. The garrison at Cor- 
rigador Island, inside the harbor, saw some sparks 
from the McCullough's funnel and fired a few- 
shots at the fleet, but not hitting them. Our 
shi])s kei)t on until opposite Cavite and waited 
until daN'break, when the Sjianish fleet, consist- 




pq 
< 

< V 



W o 

pq 
w 



Si„inixh-.liin riraii Wtir 11 

ing of ele\XMi war x'lsscIs, coinniandcd 1)\' Admiral 
Montejo, and all the forts, opened fire ni)on 
America's ll\e warships. Dewey ordered tnl! 
steam ahead and ])assed between the vSjjanish lleet 
and forts, delivering" terrific broadsides as they 
circled around. 

One of the Olymjiia's eight-inch shells en- 
tered the stern of Maria Christina, llagshi]!, and 
Went hall wa\- tliroui;!] and (.■xjilodi.-il in the cen- 
ter, blowing up the ship. All the rest of the fieet 
were either sunk, burned or captured. 

The forts and arsenal at Ca\ite were also 
captured, and a great many stores with them. 
The Spanish lo.ss was three hundred killed and 
four hundred wounded. 

The cruiser Baltimore was the only Ameri- 
can ship damaged at all, and that not enough to 
speak of. A few men were wounded on her. 

The total American loss was six men sliuhtl\ 
wounded. 

Dewey could not capture the city ot Manila 
for want of land troops to occupy it. Afterwards 
it was captured by troops under General Merritt. 
(See page 40). 

BATTLE OF CARDENAS. 

On the 1 2th of May three I'nited States war 
vessels, the torpedo boat Win.slow and the gun- 
boats Wilmington and Hudson, .steamed into 
Cardenas Ray, Cuba, in search of Spanish war- 



13 Jlrirf Histiirii of /he 

ships, which were hidden in the harbor. They 
did not see them until suddenly the Spanish vessels 
darted out and opened fire with the forts upon the 
American fleet. At first the Spanish firing was 
wild, but it soon became accurate and our ve.s.sels 




ENSIGN WORTH BAGLEV- 

were sul)jected to a severe fire, but answered 
briskly with a hail of shells upon the ships and 
forts. One of the Spanish ships was burned and 
a warehouse on shore was burned by the fire 
from the American fleet. 



SiKiiii.ih-.liiirririiii War 1.1 

TliL- AiiRfican slii])s exposed tlieinsehes lo 
lliu vSj)anisli Ine, and a shell from llie forts eii- 
teretl the lidiler-rooiii of the Winslow, wliieh was 
in couiniand ot" ICnsi^n Worth I'a,L;le\', and l)le\v 
out Ikt boiler. This rendered her helpless and 
she rolled art)und in the sea, hut all that did not 
stop her firiuij;. The Spaniards, seeing that she 
was hel])less, concentrated their fire upon her. 
The gunboat Htidson, lying near by, ran along 
side and tried to throw a line to the Winslow, but 
failed the first time. Just then a shell burst 
among ICnsign Bagley and six of his men, who 
were standing on the Winslow's deek, killing the 
Ensign and four of his men. After rejK-ated trials 
the Hudson got a line to her and .-tarted off with 
her, when suddeid>- the line broke, leaving both 
vessels under the terrific fire of the Spaniards. 
There were oidy three men left to make the line 
fast this time, but it was finall_\- done and the 
Winslow was towed to Ke}- West, Florida. 

Ivnsign \\\)rth Bagley of North Carolina was 
the first American ofiicer killed in the war. Had 
he lived he woidd likely have been promoted tor 
his braver\- in directing his vessel against the 
Spaniards. 

BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN. PORTO RICO. 

Nine American warships on May 12th, un- 
der Rear-Admiral vSampson, bombarded the forts 
of San Juan, Porto Rico. His orders were to 



Siiiiiiis/i-.liiirn'iiiii War /.". 

punish the forts, but noi to cajjturc thcni. For 
three liours the forts suffered a terrific fire from 
the AiiRiieaii lleel, (lnin,>; i;real (laina.L;e. The 
Spanisli Ujss was i;reat. 

Only two Americans were l^illed anil .se\eral 
wounded. 

BATTLE OF CIENFUGOS, CUBA. 

The Tniled States gunboats Nashville and 
Windoni and the cruiser Mar1:)lehead steamed up 
Cienfugos harbor with orders to cut the telegraph 
cable between Havana and Santiago de Cuba. 

The cable was cut b\ the crews of four ^mall 
boats from the wirships under a terrific fire. ( )ne 
man was killed and several were wounded. The\- 
had to go very close to the shore, which was 
lined with Spanish soldiers, and .so were much 
e.xpo.sed. 

The Nashville and Marblehead completely 
demolished the Spanish batteries and set the city 
on fire. The Si)anish lo.ss was four hundred 
killed and wounded. 
COLLISION OF THE COLUMBIA AND FOSCOLIA. 

The United States cruiser Columbia, while 
cruising off Stateii Islaiul al the rate of eight 
knots an hour, Saturday, May 28th, in a den.se 
fog, with lights out, in .search of Spanish ships, 
collided with the British tramp steamer Foscolia. 
The Fo.scolia drove her bow into the Columbia 
twelve feet and broke it off, leaving a hole ten 



in Brief HiHtorii of the 

feet wide and five feet below the water line in 
the big cruiser. 

At the time of the colHsion the Columbia's 
water-tight bulkheads were open, but the crew 
were so active that they were closed in time to 
save the ship from sinking. 

The Foscolia sank several hours later. The 
skipper stayed by his sinking ship until she 
plunged beneath the sea, and then he and all his 
crew was rescued by the Columbia's boats. The 
Columbia then steamed to New York, where she 
went into the dry-dock for repairs. 

SINKING OF THE MERRIMAC. 

While Rear- Admiral Sampson, in command 
of the United States fleet off Santiago, was trying 
to plan a way to close the entrance to the harbor 
so as to keep the Spanish fleet inside, Assistant 
Naval-Constructor Richmond Pearson Hobson, 
of the flagship New York, heard of it. He at 
once went to Rear-Admiral Sampson and sug- 
gested sinking the collier Merrimac, loaded with 
coal, across the narrow channel. Admiral Samp- 
son accepted the plan and asked for volunteers. 
It seemed like certain death to venture in be- 
tween those frowning forts, but over four thou- 
sand men offered themselves freely. 

Seven men were selected, lyieutenant Hobson 
in command, and Daniel Montague, George F. 
Phillips, Osborn Diegnan, Francis Kelly, George 



Spiinish-.liiirriiiin Wiir 17 

Cliarettc and J. C. Mniphw Henry \'an Cott 
and Randolph ClansDii were very anxious to go, 
so stowed themselves away on the Merriniac. 
After she had started they came from their hiding 
places and were assigned by Lieutenant Ilobsou 
to positions as jiart of the crew. 




ki;ak-.\i».mikai. w . t. sampson. 

Just as day began to break the Merriniac, 
under full head of steam, started on her danger- 
ous mission, but after going several hundred 
yards was recalled by signals from the flagship 
New York. Rear-Admiral Sampson saw that it 



IS Brirf History of the 

was getting too near day to go on with a prospect 
of success. The next morning, June 3rd, the 
Merrimac got started again, a little earlier than 
before. She went ahead until very close under 
the Spanish guns, when a picket boat discovered 
her and fired several shots at her at very close 
range, carrjdng away her rudder. These few 
shots from the picket boat were followed by a 
fierce fire from the forts on the hills. Every gun 
that could be brought to bear upon the collier 
was fired. 

The Merrimac trembled under this terrific 
fire, but Lieutenant Hobson did not notice any 
of it ; he was bent upon getting the Merrimac to 
the proper point. When there he tried to swing 
her across the channel, but she did not answer 
her hehu, and he discovered for the first time the 
loss of the rudder. He then ran her ahead until 
near one side of the channel and dropped her 
anchor, and as she swung around with the tide 
he touched off the torpedoes, which had been pre- 
pared, and sank her. The crew had launched a 
raft and all got on it, Hobson being the last. 
The plan was to tr}' to work out of the harbor 
with it, but that had to be abandoned, as there 
was a head tide. And so they fell prisoners to 
the Spanish Admiral, Cervera. 

That day Admiral Cervera sent a long mes- 
sage, under a flag of truce, out to Admiral Samp- 
son, telling him that the crew of the Merrimac 



.Spilllix/l-.lllKiicilll Il'>/c lu 

and coininander were not hurl and were under 
bis care, and that he would trt-al Iheni willi Ihe 
utmost kinchiess whilr the\- wltc in his i-liarj;e. 

ICnsign Powell, who was in charj^e of a 
launch, waited outside of the channel, right un- 
der the ginis of Morro Castle, to try to rescue 
Lieutenant Hohson and his men. luitil after sun- 
rise, and until all hope of rescuing them was gone. 

Lieutenant Hobson's deed was considered b\' 
many to l)e the most conspicuous piece of bravery 
that has been enacted for a long time. He has 
since been promoted to the rank of Xa\-al Con- 
structor. 

BOMBARDMENT OF SANTIAGO DE CUBA. 

On June jtli the American lleets, in com- 
mand of Rear- Admiral Sampson and Commodore 
Schley, bombarded the forts at the entrance of 
Santiago de Cul)a Bay for three hours, inflicting 
great damage \\\xm them. The ships were drawn 
up in two lines. The first was led by Connno- 
dore Schley's flagship, the Brooklyn, followed by 
the Marblehead, Texas and Massachusetts, and 
turned westward all the time, keeping up a ter- 
rific fire on all the forts except Morro Castle, be- 
cause Hobson and his men were in there. The 
second line was led b}' Admiral Sampson's flag- 
ship, the New York, with the New Orleans, Yan- 
kee, Iowa and Oregon following, and turned west- 
ward. The \'ixen and Suwanee were on the left 



20 Brief Histovf/ of the 

flank, watching the riflemen on shore, and the 
Dolphin and Porter did scouting duty on the 
right flank. During the bombardment the cruis- 
ers Reina Mercedes and Viscaya and the torpedo 
boat destroyer Furor, belonging to the Spaniards, 




REAR-ADMIRAL \V. S. SCHLEY. 

were damaged somewhat. None of the Ameri- 
can ships were hurt. 

SOLDIERS LEAVE TAMPA, 

The Fifth Army Corps, under Major-General 
Shafter, 16,000 strong, left Tampa, Florida, on the 



Si><iiiis/i-.\ iiiiririin W'lir tl 

9th of Jinic to iiu-adc Cul)a. TIicn' arriwd at 
Santiago de Cuba a few days later and landed on 
the shore at Onantananio, a few miles distant, 
where the\' were' unloaded with their su])])lies. 

ATTACK ON CAMP M'CALLA AT GUANTANAMO. 

The transport Panther unloaded a battalion 
of marines, luider Lieutenant-Colonel R. W. 
Huntington, on June loth, at Guantanamo, where 
they formed a eamp known as Camp McCalla. 
The next day they were attacked from the brush 
by the vSpaniards and a hot fight ensued. P'or 
thirteen hours it raged. The American loss was 
four killed and one wounded. The vSpanish loss 
is unknown, as they carried their dead and 
wounded away with them ; but it nuist have been 
considerable, for the next day, when the cruiser 
Marblehead landed reinforcements, the enemy re- 
tired and the ground that they had occupied was 
stained with blood. 

MARINES ATTACK SPANISH CAMP. 

June 14th the marines at Guantanamo, Cuba, 
marched over the hills to attack the Spanish 
camp. They got within two hundred yards be- 
fore being discovered. The Spaniards at once 
opened fire upon them. The marines (piickly 
moved in battle line, with the Cubans on the 
left flank. The bullets were whistling vigorously 
over their heads, but the\- settled down to their 



22 Brief History of the 

work as if at target practice and shot accurately. 
Very few Spaniards were in sight, but the puffs 
of smoke revealed their positions and helped the 
marines to do effective work. The Cubans did 
little. 

For twenty minutes the air was alive with 
bullets, and it seemed that a bayonet charge 
would have to be made to dislodge the enemy, 
but in a few minutes the marines' fire got too hot 
for the Spanish soldiers and they began a hasty 
retreat. 

The American forces advanced and burned 
the small camp and destroyed the only water sup- 
ply within six or seven miles. They then re- 
turned to camp with a loss of one killed and sev- 
eral wounded. The Cuban lo.ss was two killed 
and four wounded. The Spanish loss was forty 
killed and wounded. 

TRIAL OF THE U, S. S. VESUVIUS, 

At midnight on the 13th of June the dyna- 
mite cruiser Vesuvius, lying off Morro Castle at 
Santiago de Cuba, was ordered by Rear- Admiral 
Sampson to try her dynamite guns on the new 
fortifications on which the Spaniards were work- 
ing. The battleship Oregon threw her great 
search-light on the spot where the Vesuvius was 
to fire. Then the Vesuvius aimed her big guns 
and fired three times. The Spanish soldiers got 
behind trees and brush, thinking that they could 



.Siiiiiiix/i-.\ iiirririiii W'lir tS 

not be hit, lint, to tlicir surprise, they did not 
hear a shot until tin.- two hnndred ponnds of j;un- 
cotton from the W-^nxins cxi)l()ded on tlie lorti- 
fications. The three shots tore up tons of earth. 
Rear-Athniral Sanijison was very much pleased 
with the work of the \'esuvins. Tin.' rest of the 
nij;ht passed ([uietK'. 

ANNEXATION OF HAWAII. 

On the i^tli of June the House of Repre.sen- 
tatives passed the resolution to annex the Ha- 
waiian Islands to the United States. The vote 
was 209 for and 90 against. It was afterwards 
signed by tlie President. The Hawaiians were 
overjoyed at the annexation, as that was what 
they were tr\ ing to have done for years. 

SPANIARDS ROUTED AT SANTIAGO. 

Frida\-, June J4th, one thousand dismounted 
cavalrymen, nude: command of Lieut. -Colonel 
Roosevelt and Colonel Wood, marched over the 
hills four miles from vSantiago and attacked two 
thousand Spanish infantr>nien, who were hidden 
in the woods, and completely routed them alter an 
hour of very hard fighting. There were twelve 
Americans killed and about fifty wounded. The 
Spanish loss could not be obtained, because they 
carried off their dead and wounded, except 
twelve, who were found by the Americans after 
the battle. This was known a> the l>attle of Las 
Gua.simas. 



.\'liiiiiix/i-.liiirririiii It'll;' M 

BATTLE OF SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO. 

The United vStates auxiliary cruiser St. Paul, 
while hokliui; the l)U)ckade on June 22d at San 
Juan, Porto Rico, was attacked by the .Spanish 
third-class cruiser Isabel II, and the torpedo boat 
destroyer Terror. The Terror was behind the 
Isabel II until they were not far from the St. 
Paul. The Terror came out from l)ehind the 
Isabel II and made a dash for the St. Paul. 
The St. Paul did not fire until the Terror 
was very near ; then she let loose her whole 
broadside battery and then kept up a steady fire, 
which soon disabled the Terror, killing the chief 
engineer and one of the crew and wounding five 
others. The Terror was so badh- damaged that 
small boats had to be lashed to her to keep her 
from sinking while the tug towed her into the 
harbor to be repaired. 

The St. Paul was commanded by Captain 
Charles D. Sigsbee, formerh" Captain of the ill- 
fated Maine. The St. Paul was not hurt. 

THE CAMPAIGN BEFORE SANTIAGO DE CUBA, 

CAPTURE OF S.^N JUAN. 

General Hawkins' brigade was ordered by 
Major-General Wheeler, on July ist, to take vSan 
Juan block-house, one of the defenses of vSantiago. 
The brigade was composed of the Rough Riders 
under Colonel Roosevelt, who showed great cour- 
age in this fight, and the vSeventy-first New York 



26 Brief History of the 

Volunteers, also some of the regular troops, all of 
whom were very brave and prov^ed themselves to 
be worthy of the places which they had to fill. 

As soon as they made the movement toward 
the block-house, which was on a hill, the Span- 
iards opened a terrific fire on them and kept it 
up until finally, as they dashed up the hill, the 
Spaniards became panic-stricken and fled. 

CAPTURE OF EL CANEY. 

On the same day Captain Allyn K. Capron, 
in command of a battery of artillery, bombarded 
the stone fort at El Caney, another stronghold, 
about four miles from San Juan and about the 
same distance from Santiago. During the bom- 
bardment he did not get an answering shot. But 
when Brigadier- Generals Lawton, Ludlow and 
Chaffee and their men started to take the fort by 
a charge the Spaniards poured a deadly fire down 
on them. They never halted, but rushed up to 
the heights and took possession. 

When the sun went down on Jul}- ist the 
American army was in possession of two of the 
most important positions overlooking the cit}' of 
Santiago. They were won under tremendous 
disadvantages and by some of the most wonderful 
displays of heroism that has ever been witnessed. 

The American loss was 253 killed ( less than 
was killed on the Maine) and 462 wounded. The 
Spanish loss was over 2,000 killed and wounded. 



.SiMiiiix/i-Aiiirriiiiii U>ir i7 

From thtse two coniniaiulin.y; jiositioiis ' vSan 
Juan and ICl Caney ) Major-Ck-ncral Sli after de- 
manded the surrender of llie city and army of 
Santiago de Cui)a on July 3d, i)ut tlie Sjjanish 
commander would not surrender. 

In this campaii;ii General Joe Wheeler, a 




M.\i' 'K-(;kni-:rai. siiai' 
Confederate General in the Civil War. showed 
great courage and bravery. At all times he led 
his men to battle in person, even though sick 
with fever. For his courage he received the 
thanks of the American ]ieople and Government. 



S8 Brief Hi.stor.i/ nf the 

DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA'S FLEET, 

On the 3d of July the Spanish fleet, under 
Admiral Cervera, consisting of the Christobal 
Colon, flagship, Almirante Oquendo, Infanta 
Maria Teresa and Viscaya and two torpedo boat 
destroyers, Furor and Pluton, which had been 




MAJOR-GENERAL WHEELER. 

held in the harbor for six weeks by the combined 
squadrons of Commodore (now Rear- Admiral) 
W. S. Schley and Rear- Admiral W. T. Sampson, 
made a dash around the stern of the sunken col- 
lier Merrimac and got outside the harbor. The 



.Siiiiiiix/i-.liiirrir'iii M'lir i'J 

Brookl\ 11 was iIr- nearesl to tlit? entrance of the 
harl)or at tlir lime, and sn Coinniodore Scliley at- 
tacked tlKiii all. 'riie\- were- lica\icr armored 
than his slii]) was, hill lie win I t"i)rllieiii neverthe- 



n 






w 






m**,r 


4 


~ '"^ 


F^, 







I.r Kl'T. -COM M A X I ) ]•; K W A I X W K I C, 1 1 T. 

less. The (ither ships soon came u]) and took 
part. 

Lieiitenant-Cominander Richard \\'ainwri.v;ht, 
a former officer of the Maine, now of the little 
auxiliary gunhoat Gloucester, at first attacked 
the hig ships, but thinking of the two torpedo 



30 lifUf ITistarii of IJic 

boat destroyers he quickly turned on them both, 
and after a furious battle set them on fire and ran 
them ashore. 

The Infanta Maria Teresa caught fire and 
ran ashore, then the Visca^-a and Almirante 
Oquendo. The Christobal Colon was chased 
forty miles b}- the Brooklyn and the battleship 
Oregon ; then, seeing no chance for escape, the 
Colon surrendered. Had it not been for the 
Brooklyn, part of the Spanish fleet might have 
escaped. 

Admiral Cervera and nearly all of his men 
were taken prisoners. 

vSome of the Spanish ships were not so badly 
damaged, and wrecking ships were .sent there in 
hope of rai-sing them and putting them in .shape 
for the United States Navy. The Infanta Maria 
Teresa was raised by the plan of Lieut. Hob.son af- 
ter his exchange. After staying in the harbor of 
Guantanamo, Cuba, for repairs (as best as could be 
furni.shed) she started for Norfolk, Va., for dock- 
ing and repairing, but had not gotten two hun- 
dred miles when a hurricane caught her thirty 
miles north of Waterburg's (or San Salvador) Is- 
land. Being very leaky and in such a heavy sea, 
she soon filled with water and had to be aban- 
doned, but not until there was no possible hope 
of .saving her. Then her crew of 114 got aboard 
the three tugs which were accompanying the 



SjMiiiiMh-Aiiii'ririiii W'nr .»; 

Maria Teresa aiul were carried safel\- lo Charles- 
ton. S. C. 

The Maria Teresa afterward washed ashore 
in two fathoms of water, one mile off Bird's Point, 
Cat Island, tliirt\- miles from where she was aban- 
doned by her crew, antl was lost in spite of the 
great efforts made b\- the Government to save her. 

Then Lieutenant Ilolison be.nan work on the 
Christobal Colon. 

EXCHANGE OF LIEUT. HOBSON AND HIS MEN. 

While the contendinj; armies were l>ini; in 
their trenches before Santiago de Cuba, Lieuten- 
ant Hobson, the hero of the Merrimac, and his 
men were exchanged. Fifteen Spaniards were 
given for the nine Americans. 

While talking about the treatment, Lieuten- 
ant Hobson stated that the Spaniards treated him 
and his men very nicely. The first four days 
they were in Morro Castle they were moved to 
the city where they remained up to th'- date of 
the exchanL;e, Jnl>- CAh. 

SURRENDER OF SANTIAGO DE CUBA. 

After refusing the several demands made by 
Major-General Shafter, General Toral, the S])an- 
i.sh commander, surrendered the vSpanish army 
and city of Santiago de Cuba, July 17th, 1S9S, 
on the following terms: 

"The L'nited States agrees, with as little de- 
lay as possible, to transport all Spanish troops in 



S2 Brief Histori/ of the 

the district of Santiago de Cuba to the kingdom 
of Spain. The officers are to retain their side 
arms, and officers and men to retain their personal 
property. The Spanish commander is authorized 
to take the mihtar}- archives belonging to the 
surrendered district. All the Spanish soldiers 




IvIEUTENANT 



HOBSON. 



known as Volunteers, Morilizades and Guerrillas, 
who wish to remain in Cuba, may do so under 
parole during the present war, giving up arms. 
The Spanish forces are to march out of Santiago 
with the honors of war, depositing their arms at 





COI.ONI'.I. THI'DDORK ROOSKVT-I.T. 



sit Brief JliHtovy of tin' 

a point mutually agreed upon, to await the dis- 
position of the United States Government, it be- 
ing understood that the United States Commis- 
sioners will recommend that the Spanish soldiers 
return to Spain with the arms they have so brave- 
ly defended. This leaves the question of the re- 
turn of arms entirely in the hands of the Gov- 
ernment. 

"I invite attention to the fact that several 
thousand have surrendered, said by General Toral, 
to be about 12,000, against whom a shot has not 
been fired. The return to Spain of troops amounts 
to about $24,000, according to General Toral. 

(Signed) "W. R. Shafter, 

"Major-General U. S. Volunteers." 

So, on the 17th of July, at 9 o'clock a. m., 
the Spanish forces under General Toral marched 
out of Santiago de Cuba and laid down their arms 
to the American forces. General Toral handed 
his sword to General Shafter, who .soon returned 
it. General Shafter then took formal possession 
of the city. The yellow flag was hauled down 
and the stars and stripes raised over the Palace. 

GERMAN CRUISER STOPPED, 

While the German cruiser Irene was running 
the blockade on July 14th at Manila Bay, Philip- 
pine I.slands, she was asked to stop by Rear- 
Admiral Dewey. On her refusal to do so, Rear- 
Admiral Dewey sent the gunboat McCullough 



Siiiiiii.\/i-.\iiiriiiiiii M'lir US 

atkr Ikt. Tlif McCuIldUL;]! I'lird a sliot across 
her bow and llic Cicriiiaii i.inis<.r Ikinl- to. Then 
the McCulU)Ui;li seiil a boat to llu- Iivik- lo see 
what she was doiui;. The Gennaii Achniral said 
that the Americans liad no rii^lit to interfere witli 
the German sliips, hnt I)e\ve\- wonld not listen to 
him, as he was holding; a strict l)lockade. 

BATTLE OF NIPE. 

By orders of Rear-Adiuiral Sani])Son, Jnl\- 
2ist, four American \varslii])s, the cruiser To- 
peka and the i^unboats AnnapoHs, Was]) and 
Le\den, under the conunand of Commodore Ro- 
mey, entered the harbor of Xii)e, on the Aorlh 
coast of the Province of Santiago de Cul)a, and 
furiously bombarded the forts for al)out an liour. 
Three forts were silenced and the vSjianisli gun- 
boat Jorge Juan was sunk. She was a three- 
masted one funnel ship of 960 tons displacement 
and 1,100 horsepower. She carried a crew of 146 
and had 130 tons of coal. Her battery consisted 
of three 4.7-inch Hontoria guns, two 2.8-inch 
Krupp guns and two machine guns. Then the 
fleet took p(^ssession of the harl)or. There was 
no American ship liurt nor an>- of their crews 
killed or hurt. 

LANDING EFFECTED AT GUANICA. 

On July 2 1 St, Major- General Miles, Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the United States Army, left 
Guantanamo l>a\-. Cu1)a, for Porto Rico, and ar- 



S8 ■ Brief History of the 

rived at Ponce, Porto Rico, July 25th. About 
thirty marines from one of the ships landed and 
attacked a small village, which was captured at 
once and the Spanish flag hauled down and the 




MAJOR-GENERAL MILES. 

United States flag raised. This was the first one 
floated over Porto Rican soil. 

BATTLE OF MALATE, 

The American outposts, numbering 508 men, 
had been advancing and intrenching near Manila, 
Philippine Islands, until Sunday, July 31st. This 



Siiiuii.s/i-Aiin ririiii \\',ir .i,- 

being the Insuri^ciils' feast day, lliey witlulrew 
their left flank, leaving the American out])«)sts 
exposed to tin.- Siiani>h, wlio w xre intrenched 
three hundred yards distant. Tlie Americans 
were oidy three-cjnarters of a mile from Fort 
Manila. That night about midnight, in an ex- 
tremely heavy wind and rain .storm, the Span- 
iards, numbering 4,000 men, attempted toca]iture 
the American outpost. 

Fom our right flank came a xolley cjI Mauser 
bullets : this was followed by a hail of steel from 
the trenches in front. It was a terrible moment 
for that little band (500) of the I'tah and Peiin- 
S}-lvania boys in tlial ha^lil\• ci 'n>lnicted trench 
onl>- five hundred feet in length. There was no 
chance of escape, becau.se F'ort Manila was sweep- 
ing the road to Camj:) Dewey with its S-inch 
guns to cut ofifthe American retreat should they 
desire to. But the American men calmly waited 
the order to fire. Soon they heard the bugle 
sounding "Commence Firing !" Then it seemed 
as if a volcano had burst, and gun No. i of the 
Utah Battery sent a Schrapnel into the midst of 
the Spaniards. This was followed by the fire 
from the rest of the guns of l!atter>- B. 

The great jar of the guns of this battery 
broke the supports of the emba.sture and about 
two tons of earth fell on two of the guns. This 
silenced the fire for a few minutes, but the sol- 
diers leaped over the earthworks and cleared the 



3S Brirf History of (he 

earth away in a short time and again trained the 
guns. 

It was at this moment that Battery A opened 
fire. It was not an instant too late, for the whole 
Spanish force leaped over their works and were 
charging onto the Americans, covered by a dead- 
ly fire from the fort. They swarmed in from 
every side and got within fifty yards of the 
trench, when Battery K of the Third Artillery, 
armed with Krag-Jorgenson rifles, came rushing 
up and relieved half of the Tenth Pennsylvania. 
Then a steady stream of bullets was poured into 
the enemy. Whenever our 3-inch rifle shells 
burst among them our men could see the glisten- 
ing of the enemy's ba^'onets as the}- were falling 
back — the fire was too much for them. But foi 
an hour and a half they held their ground about 
seventy-five yards from our irench, and during 
the bright flashes of lightning our men could see 
the enemy in large numbers trying to make a 
stand against our terrific fire. Though our men 
were outnumbered eight to one, they never lost 
an inch of ground. 

The scene in our trench was one never to be 
forgotten. During the bright flashes of lightning 
our dead and wounded could be seen lying in 
blood-red water, while the tremendous roars of 
thunder drowned that of the cannon and the 
musketry. But neither the elements of heaven 
nor the destructive power of man could wring a 



Sihiiii.ili-Aiiirrifatt Wnr Ml 

cry of protest from the woundccl ; they handed 
over their cartridges and encouraged their com- 
rades to fi.uht. The vS])aniards were finally de- 
feated and i)eaten hack into the city with a loss 
of 300 killed and ahont i ,o< ><> wonnded. Our loss 
was S killed and 40 wonnded. 

CRUISER SAN FRANCISCO HIT BY A SHELL. 

While the Ignited States cruiser vSan Fran- 
cisco, the monitor Miantononiah and the auxili- 
ary gunboat Sylvia were holding the blockade at 
Havana, Cuba, they were fired on frotu Morro 
Castle. 

The bi.i; ships were at their rej^ular stations, 
about six miles offshore, on August iith, aiul 
that night steamed in, as usual, to about one mile 
off Morro Castle. 

The night passed away ([uietl} , l)Ut just as 
the first glimmer of dawn was breaking through 
the eastern skies, when, without an instant's 
warning, the lookout on the najiship vSan Fran- 
cisco saw a puff of black smoke from Morro's 
big guns. Almost before he could realize what 
had hapi^ened 10 and 12-inch shells were scream- 
ing all around the shii)s. 

The San Franci.sco signaled to the Sylvia to 
get out of range of the fort. The ships were not 
permitted to fire on the forts, and so they turned 
to get out of range. Just as the San Francisco 
swung around a 12-inch shell struck her stern 



UO Brii'f History of the 

and completely wrecked Commodore Howell's 
library and the after cabin. 

He was on deck at the time and did not get 
hurt. The shell did no very serious damage, and 
in a short time its effects were completely re- 
moved. 

BATTLE AND CAPTURE OF MANILA, 

Rear-Admiral Dewey, in command of the 
United States fleet, and Major-General Merritt, 
in command of the land forces at Manila, Philip- 
pine Islands, on August i3tli demanded an un- 
conditional surrender of the city. The Captain- 
General of the city was given only one hour in 
which to decide. He refused. The American 
fleet advanced toward the city .shorth' after 8:35 
o'clock a. m. in battle line, with flags at the mast- 
head, the flagship Olympia leading the way, with 
the Raleigh and Petrel following. The Callao, 
under command of Lieutenant Tampan, crept 
close to the shore. 

Perfect quiet prevailed in the lines on shore 
as the great ships cleared for action, silently ad- 
vancing, and sometimes hidden by rain squalls. 
The Monterey, with the Charleston, Baltimore 
and Boston, formed the reserve. 

At 9:35 a. m. a sudden cloud of smoke, green 
and white, completely hid the Olympia, and a 
.shell screamed acro.ss two miles of turbulent water 
and burst near the Spanish fort at Malate, on the 



Siiiiiiix/i-.\iiirrirmi U'lir ^J 

south side of Manila. TIrmi llic- Rak-i^h and Pe- 
trel and the little Callao Dpeiied fire upon the 
shore end of the inlrenchments. In the heavy 
rain it was dilhenlt to judj^a- the range, and at 
first our shells lell short, hut the fire soon heeatne 







Ki-Ak-AD.MiKAi. im;\\ i:n', 
accurate and the shells rendered the fort unten- 
able, while the t^uns of the I'tah battery made 
excellent ]iractice on the earthworks. The Span- 
iards re]'>lie(l feel)l\- with a few shots. 

GREENE ADVANCES. 

Less than half an honr after the l)ond)ard- 



42 Brief Hist or j/ of (he 

ment began General Greene decided that it was 
possible to advance. Thereupon six companies 
of the First Colorado Regiment leaped over their 
breastworks, dashed into the swamp and opened 
volley firing from the part shelter of the low 
hedges within three hundred yards of the Spanish 
lines. A few minutes more the remaining six 
companies of the same regiment moved along the 
seashore, somewhat hidden by a sand ridge formed 
by an inlet under the outworks of the fort, and at 
II o'clock they occupied the stronghold without 
loss. Lieutenant McCoy pulled down the Span- 
ish flag and raised Old Glory, amid wild cheers 
of our men. Meanwhile the fleet, observing the 
movement of the troops along the shore, withheld 
its fire. The bombardment lasted an hour and a 
half. 

An hour later General Greene and staff rode 
along the beach, still under heavy fire from the 
eneni}', and directed the movements for an ad- 
vance into Malate. The vicinity of the fort was 
uncomfortable on account of the number of sharp- 
shooters in the buildings on both sides, two hun- 
dred yards distant. The forward movement was 
therefore hastened, and in a few minutes the out- 
skirts of the suburb were well occupied and the 
sharp-shooters were driven away. 

The American troops kept driving the Span- 
iards back until they were inside the walled cit}^ of 
Manila. Here, seeing that further resistance was 



useless, the vS])anish coininaiuk-r surrL-iulered to 
the Aincricaii forces. Caplaiii-CiLiKTal Aiij^ustin 
escaped just l)etore tin.- surrLiuk-r Id IIoiii; Koiij;, 
China, in a (iernian shij). 

The American forces at once ()ccuj)iecl lliir 




MAJOK-t.JCNl-lRAl. .MlvRKITT. 

cit}', with Major-General Merritt acting as Gov- 
ernor-General. The lilockade was raised and the 
harbor opened to all ships, and the inhabitants 
resumed their usual business. 

The American loss was 46 killed and 100 



UU Brief History of the 

wounded. The Spanish loss was about loo killed 
and 200 wounded. 

THE PEACE PROTOCOL, 

On the 12th of August, at 4:23 p. m., Secre- 
tary Day of the United States and M. Cambon of 




PRESIDENT m'kINLEY. 

France for Spain, in the presence of President 
McKinle3% signed a protocol of peace. 

THE LAST ENGAGEMENT OF THE WAR, 

The last engagement of the war was the 
bombardment of Manzanillo, Cuba. An Ameri- 



SiMiiiixli- A nil ririiii M'lir IJi 

can fleet, consisting of the gunboats Osceola, Hist 

and Alvarado, ajipeared in front i.i llu- town and 
demanded its snnvndcT. The Si)anish tinn- 
maiukr refused. TIku the licet conunenced fir- 
ing;, and for half an hour il lujudjiirded the city, 
intlielinL; damage. In the afternoon they re- 
ceived the news of the protocol of peace and the 
fleet steamed back to its regular station. There 
was no damage done to the fleet nor was there 
anyone hurt. 

A SALUTE. 

On the 2oth of August the fleets of Rear- Ad- 
mirals Samjison and vSclilex steamed u]) North 
River, in New York harbor, to General Cirant's 
tomb and fired a salute to celebrate the early clos- 
ing of the war and tlie home-coming of the \ic- 
tors. 

SWORD PRESENTATION TO ADMIRAL DEWEY. 

For Rear- Admiral Dewey's great daring and 
skill in directing his ships against the Spanish in 
Manila Ray, tlie United States Government had 
a fine gold .sword made and presented it to him 
as a gift of the American people. It cost $3,000. 
Beside all of tliis he was promoted to the rank of 
Rear- Admiral. 

THE BATTLESHIP OREGON. 

The I'nited States battleship Oregon, in com- 
mand of Cai)lain Clarke, had been doing duty in 



IS Brief Ilislofji of the 

the Pacific Ocean since her completion in 1893. 
On March i6th, 189S, she was ordered by the 
Government to proceed to the Atlantic Coast so 
as to take part in the approaching war, but when 
she got about one-third the way the war broke 
out. At once the Spanish warships set out for 
the Oregon, but they did not meet her, and did 
not want to ver}' bad, because the big battleship 
could give them a warm reception. 

Never meeting any opposition, the Oregon 
kept her course, only stopping to get coal and 
supplies. After 1 1 7 days she struck the United 
States at Jupiter, Florida, where she received or- 
ders from Washington and proceeded to New 
York. 

The Oregon broke all records when she made 
this seventeen thousand mile voyage without 
stopping, and not needing five cents worth of re- 
pairing. Then going to Santiago de Cuba, she 
took an active part in the destruction of the 
Spanish fleet. For this great feat she was nick- 
named the " Bulldog of the United States Navy." 

On October 12th, 1898, she was ordered to re- 
trace her voyage in company with the United 
States battleship Iowa, and then go 7,000 miles 
further to reinforce the Asiatic Squadron at Ma- 
nila, Philippine Islands. 

PORTO RICO OURS, 

After several small battles and skirmishes on 
the island of Porto Rico, the American flag was 



Siiiinish Ann riiiii, W,,, /,7 

raised over iIk- 1\()\ al I'alacv at San Juan > ihc 
capital of the Island i al noon on the isth of (Jc- 
tober, iS9,S. The American troops then look for- 
mal i)()ssessi()n of llie Island. 

THE COST OF THE WAR, 

The cost of the war to the I'nited vStates was 
as follows: For general expenses, ;;> 200, 000,000; 
for the Philijipine Islands, S20,ooo,ooo, and S2,- 
500,000 for the Maine disaster, which is not 
counted in the cost of the war, hut was the real 
cause of it. Total cost, S222, 500,000. 

American lo.ss in life was about 400 killed 
and 2,000 wounded in Ijattle, and about 2,000 
men died in camps. This does not include the 
266 lives lost on the ill-fated United States battle- 
ship Maine. 

SPAIN'S LOSSES. 

The following are Spain's losses: Philip- 
pine Islands, 5450,000,000; Cuba, ^300,000,000; 
Porto Rico, 5150,000,000 ; war expenditures, 
$125,000,000: connnercial lo.ss during the war, 
$20,000,000; twenty-one warships, $30,000,000; 
total, $1,075,000,000. 

Spain's loss in life was al)out 2,500 killed and 
3,000 wounded. 

WHAT THE UNITED STATES GAINS. 

The United vStates gains Porto Rico, area 
3,500 square miles : Philijijjine Islands, area 114,- 



IS Brief Hixlory of the 

326 square miles ; Sulu, area 950 square miles ; 
Guam, largest island of the Ladrones, area 120 
square miles: Isle of Pines, area 1,214 square 
miles. Fifty-six Spanish merchant vessels were 
captured during the war. 

This was the shortest, most honorable war 
the United States has ever had, 1)ut an expensive 
one. 

THE FILIPINOS WAR, 

ATTACK ON MANILA. 

The long looked for trouble with the natives 
of the Philippine Islands was begun February 4, 
at 8:40 p. m., by the Filipinos crossing the lines 
of the Nebraska regiment's pickets at Santa 
Mosa, L,uzon Island. After being challenged 
the Nebraska sentry fired into them, killing one 
and wounding another. These few shots seemed 
as a signal, and the whole rebel line on the north 
side of the Pasig river opened a fusilade. The 
American outposts returned the fire with such 
vigor that the Filipinos line was checked until 
reinforcements arrived, then a terrific fire was 
poured upon the Filipinos, but not doing much 
on account of the darkness. The fight had lasted 
an hour, when there was a lull over the whole 
battle-field, which lasted until 2:45 o'clock in the 
morning w-hen it was resumed. Both kept up a 
terrific fire for about twenty minutes, then they 
waited for daylight, when the Americans ad- 
vanced. 



Siiiiiiixli-Aiii'rii-iiii Will- ','< 

I)uriii;4 lliL- ui.L;lil, rointiiM.' in In Rt ;ii Admi- 
ral l)L-\ve\'s >i>;nals, tlaslicd across linm Ca\ilc. 
llic- I'nilL-d SlaUs cruiser Cliarlcslon and tlic* 
iiunhoat Concord, stationed off Malabon, ]iourcd 
a (k'adl\- fire into the insurgents" trenches at Cal- 
Dcan from their secomhirx- t)atleries. After (hiy- 
litiht the monitor Monachionc and the other \"es 
sels of I)e\\e\'s fieet sllelled tile I'ililMiios" ri,i;lit 
and letl tlank lor sexeral hours. \\\ K) o'clock 
the .\mericans had coinpletel\' routed the rebels 
and ad\anced six miles, destro\in,u: many nati\e 
huts and ca])turini; se\"eral villas js. The insnr- 
j^ents niade a \er\- determined stand at Paco 
chuicli and con\ent. A body of Californians, 
stationed on a neij4hI)orin]^ ])ridi;e, ])oured a ter- 
rific fire upon them, hut not doing much; so, in 
the face of a terrific fire a few of them dashed 
into the cliurch and jioured coal oil on the walls 
and llov)r, sd tire to the house and retired. Their 
loss was 4,1 HKi killed: the American loss was 52 
killed aiul J( « > wounded. 

SECOND ATTACK ON MANILA. 

.\fter l)eint;' roi.ted and ilri\en six miles by 
the American troops, the insurgents renewed the 
desperate attack on Manila, l)Ut were routed and 
driven back ten miles with terrible slaugliter. 
The Fili])inos lost about 2,(xk-) killed and 3,.SOO 
wounded and jirisoners; the American lo.ss was 
about 40 killed and 200 wounded. 



MAfi^3 IB$2 



5u /Jrh'j lJis/<,rij III tliL- 

TREATY OF PEACE. 
"The treat\- of pt-ace negotiated l)et\veen 
theconmiissioners of the I'nited States and vSpain 
at Paris, was ratified by the United States Senate 
February 6. The vote was 50 for and 27 against, 
or one more than the necessary two-thirds." 




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KMII.IO .\(iriN AI.IIO 



LIBKHKY Oh CUNUKbtib 



013 900 404 8 



